What type of statement serves as a financial log showing revenues and expenses over a specified period?

A profit and loss statement, also known as an income statement, is designed to summarize a business's revenues and expenses over a designated period, typically a month, quarter, or year. This financial log provides a clear view of the organization's profitability by highlighting the total income generated and deducting the total expenses incurred during that time frame, resulting in either a profit or a loss.

This statement is crucial for stakeholders to assess the financial performance and operational efficiency of a business, offering insights that can guide decision-making regarding budgeting, resource allocation, and strategic planning.

In contrast, a cash flow report focuses specifically on the movement of cash in and out of the business, addressing liquidity rather than profitability. A revenue forecast involves predicting future income streams based on various factors but does not provide a retrospective log of actual revenues and expenses. An expenditure analysis examines spending patterns but is not structured to reflect the overall financial performance in terms of profit or loss over a specified period.